Need to Know

The Electronic Lingua Franca

by Adam C. Engst


I'm all for progress, but let's face it: sometimes it's simply inappropriate. I could give oodles of examples if pressed, but right now I want to focus on formats used in electronic publishing.

Adobe Acrobat, Common Ground, DOCmaker, and even HTML, the tag-cluttered language of the World-Wide Web. This is progress, right? Nothing beats fonts, styles, graphics, sounds, movies, and the promise of teledildonics, right?

Not so fast. In my (admittedly humble) opinion, the ideal format for electronic publishing is text: straight text, plain text, ASCII -- call it what you want.

I can hear gasps of horror from those interested in "progress," especially those heavily into graphic design, electronic audio, or desktop video. I don't dispute that graphics may be lovely, audio stentorian, and video breathtaking. But those aren't what electronic publishing is all about.

So what is it about, then?

Readers. The conveyance of information from a publisher to a reader.

The goal, in my eyes, is to make it as easy as possible for as many people as possible to read, hear, view, or otherwise experience my information.

Point #1: ASCII text is universal.

The lower 128 characters of ASCII text can be read on basically any machine. Just try playing a QuickTime movie from a Unix shell account, or reading a DOCmaker document on a Windows-based PC. It just doesn't work, and frankly, it's going to be years before data formats for graphics, audio, and video -- particularly when mixed with text -- will be ubiquitously cross-platform between a Mac and a PC, let alone across the range of all computers everywhere. I don't want to limit my readership to the people with the "right" sort of computer -- I want to be able to reach everyone.

Point #2: ASCII text can convey information without design or graphics.

The howls of protest grow stronger. "But ASCII is so... plain and boring!" I guess that's why no one has ever read Herodotus or Dante or Hemingway or Steinbeck or even Stephen King's fluff.

Words both convey information and inspire the imagination. I can imagine and describe a scene far faster and cheaper than effects wizards in Hollywood can create it, and I'll bet I can do it faster than those spiffy new 3-D rendering and video editing packages too.

But hey, I'm not even talking about literature here, I'm talking about more prosaic publications. Consider this: take a publication and eliminate every design element, but leave all the text intact. The result might be pretty ugly, but I'm willing to bet that almost all of the information in that publication has been accurately conveyed.

Conversely, if you rip all the text out of a publication and leave all the design elements intact, you won't even be able to determine the name of the publication, much less what's in it. The point is that the text of a publication is of paramount importance.

Point #3: ASCII text will survive the passage of time.

I'm not saying layout and design are bad, or that all publications should resort to straight ASCII. That's silly. I am pointing out that although good design can enhance the information conveyed in the text, the text is preeminent. In most cases, if you have no text, you have no content.

One problem in the electronic world is that our various types of computers don't understand the same file formats. But, they do understand ASCII, and since it's so universal now it's likely to be supported for years to come. Perhaps you don't care whether your publication is totally unreadable in ten years, but if you're related to an archivist like I am, you do care about the future.

Point #4: ASCII text is reusable.

The universality of ASCII text has another benefit: it works wonderfully as a base from which to expand. A simple macro in my word processor can take an existing ASCII publication like InterText or TidBITS and transform it into HTML for the World Wide Web. No fuss, no muss. Similarly, I could dump an ASCII version of InterText into Acrobat format -- or any other format I want -- using whatever tools I want on whatever computer I want, all starting from the primal ASCII text. And, I can do this at the time of publication, after the fact, or whenever I choose.

Point #5: ASCII text is flexible and puts power in the hands of the reader.

Consider what I said about tools. I was talking about using them as a publisher, but what about tools for readers? What if a reader wants to search through an issue of a publication? What if a reader wants to search through several years of issues? Few of specialized electronic formats lend themselves to a simple task like a full-text search, but as a reader I can use any number of tools to search through an ASCII publication.

But let's not stop there: some people are color blind, and others simply don't see small text well. With an ASCII publication, readers can easily adjust the display to match viewing preferences. Some designers absolutely hate to give readers this power, and although I won't argue that good design can improve readability, to the naysayers I have but one word: Wired. I just love reading yellow text reversed out of a picture.

One final example. ASCII text can be turned into Braille or read out loud by a speech synthesizer like the Macintosh PlainTalk technology. Just try that with 95 percent of the specialized formats out there!

Point #6: ASCII text is small and compresses well.

How fast is your connection to the net? If you rely on a commercial service like America Online or a bulletin board system, I'm confident that your connection speed isn't faster than 28,800 bits per second. Internet connections can be much faster, but the majority of individuals now connect at those same slow modem speeds. Text is small and compresses well, whereas graphics, sound, and video (and thus all the specialized file formats that use them) are bit-bulky.

File size doesn't much matter in a world of fast connections, but in the real world, people think twice about downloading a 600K file that contains the same amount of text (but additional graphics and layout) as a 30K text file. The goal in publishing is to disseminate information, not to restrict it to those with fast connections or patience.

In the end, friends, I come not to bury these specialized formats, these over-evolved and inflexible residents of the electronic plains, but to praise the grande dame of information communication: the humble word, as represented in the least common denominator of ASCII text. No one should pretend that a world without color, sound, and pictures would be a good thing, but in the world of electronic publishing those things often do little more than enhance the text, often at what I consider too great a cost. If what you have to say is important, people will listen -- will read -- without the trappings.


Adam C. Engst (ace@tidbits.com) is the editor of TidBITS, a free, ASCII-based weekly newsletter focusing on the Macintosh and electronic communications. He lives in Renton, Washington, with his wife Tonya and cats Tasha and Cubbins. Not content to be mildly busy, he writes books about the Internet (including the best-selling Internet Starter Kit books from Hayden), takes care of his cacti and ceaselessly pesters InterText's assistant editor for not owning a VCR.
InterText Copyright © 1995 Jason Snell. This column may only be distributed as part of the collected whole of Vol. 5, No. 3 of InterText. This column Copyright © 1995 Adam C. Engst.